A Comparative Study of Burnout among Civil Servants and State-Owned Enterprise Employees in the Coastal Regions of North Maluku
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the comparative differences in burnout levels between Civil Servants and State-Owned Enterprise (SOE) employees in the coastal regions of North Maluku. A quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design was employed. The sample consisted of 120 respondents (60 civil servants and 60 SOE employees) selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected using a modified 28-item Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) scale that demonstrated validity (Pearson Product Moment) range of Item–Total Correlations ranging from 0.238 to 0.854 (criterion r-table = 0.232) and excellent internal consistency (Cronbach alpha = 0.952). Due to the non-normal distribution of the data, non-parametric analyses were performed. Descriptive results indicated that all respondents experienced low (65.8%) to moderate (34.2%) levels of burnout, with zero prevalence of high burnout. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed no significant difference in burnout between civil servants and SOE employees (U = 1592.5, z = -1.090, p = 0.276, effect size r = 0.0995). Furthermore, the Kruskal-Wallis test demonstrated no significant differences in burnout across the healthcare, finance, and public works sectors (χ²= 5.832, df = 2, p = 0.054, effect-size = 0.0327). These findings imply that neither employment status nor work sector directly determines burnout variations in this specific geographic context, suggesting the presence of overriding macro-environmental or socio-cultural buffers in coastal areas.
Keywords:
Burnout, Civil Servants, SOE Employees, Coastal Regions, North Maluku
References
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Akbar, M. T., & Soetjiningsih, C. H. (2023). Dukungan Sosial Rekan Kerja dan Atasan dengan Burnout Pada Aparatur Sipil Negara. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.51214/bocp.v4i3.436
Arroisi, J., & Afifah, H. (2022). Sindrom Burnout Perspektif Herbert J. Freudenberger. Cakrawala Repositori IMWI, 5(2), 290–302. https://doi.org/10.52851/cakrawala.v5i2.114
Astuti, D. A., Hernaya, A., Nabila, A., & Kusumaningtiar, D. A. (2022). Faktor-Faktor yang Memperngaruhi Burnout Pada Tenaga Kesehatan Instalasi Pelayanan Radionologi Kedoktoren Nuklir RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo Tahun 2021. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip), 10(1), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v10i1.32004
Azwar, S. (2017). Metode Penelitian Psikologi. Pustaka Pelajar.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands-Resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2000). A longitudinal study of teacher burnout and perceived self-efficacy in classroom management. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16, 239–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(99)00057-8
Bunjak, A., Černe, M., Nagy, N., & Bruch, H. (2023). Job demands and burnout: The multilevel boundary conditions of collective trust and competitive pressure. Human Relations, 76, 657–688. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187267211059826
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Pendekatan Metode Kualitatif, Kuantittatif dan Campuran. Pustaka Pelajar.
Demerouti, E., & Adaloudis, N. (2024). Addressing Burnout in Organisations: A Literature Review. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4718143
Deng, G., Huang, C., Cheung, S. P., & Zhang, C. (2021). Job Demands and Resources, Burnout, and Psychological Distress of Employees in the Chinese Non-profit Sector. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.790064
Duan, X., Ni, X., Shi, L., Zhang, L., Ye, Y., Mu, H., Li, Z., Liu, X., Fan, L., & Wang, Y. (2019). The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: the mediating role of social support. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 17(1), 93. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-019-1164-3
Earl, J., Gormally-Sutton, A., Ilic, S., & James, M. R. (2022). ‘Best day since the bad germs came’: Exploring changing experiences in and the value of coastal blue space during the COVID-19 pandemic, a Fylde Coast case study. Coastal Studies & Society, 1(1), 97–119. https://doi.org/10.1177/26349817211065321
Freudenberger, H. J. (1974). Staff Burn‐Out. Journal of Social Issues, 30(1), 159–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1974.tb00706.x
Irawan, dedeng, & Gunawan, A. (2025). Metode Penelitian Ekonomi & Bisnis. UMSU Press.
Jarratt, D., Gammon, S., Davies, N., & Ward, J. (2022). Being at Leisure in blue spaces: The role of Leisure in amplifying the well-being benefits of the seaside. Coastal Studies & Society, 1(2–4), 209–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/26349817221134439
Jun, J., Ojemeni, M. M., Kalamani, R., Tong, J., & Crecelius, M. L. (2021). Relationship between nurse burnout, patient and organizational outcomes: Systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 119, 103933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103933
Wheda, J., Putere, S. P. P. L. M., & Primatanti, P. A. (2023). Hubungan Antara Burnout dengan Motivasi Kerja pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Dinas Pekerjaan Umum, Penataan Ruang, Perumahan dan Kawasan Permukiman Provinsi Bali. Aesculapius Medical Journal, 3, 403–408. https://doi.org/10.22225/amj.3.3.2023.403-408
Ke, G.-N., Utama, I. K. A. P., Wagner, T., Sweetman, A. K., Arshad, A., Nath, T. K., Neoh, J. Y., Muchamad, L. S., & Suroso, D. S. A. (2022). Influence of mangrove forests on subjective and psychological wellbeing of coastal communities: Case studies in Malaysia and Indonesia. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.898276
Komara, E. (2019). Kompetensi Profesional Pegawai ASN (Aparatur Sipil Negara) di Indonesia. Mimbar Pendidikan, 4, 73–84. https://doi.org/10.17509/mimbardik.v4i1.16971
Maharani, A., Sujarwoto, S., Susanti, H., Brooks, H., & Bee, P. (2025). Association between climate related hazards and depression among coastal communities in Indonesia. Scientific Reports, 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89298-1
Mahmod, D. R., & Rosari, R. (2020). The impact of burnout toward affective commitment and turnover intention. Jurnal Siasat Bisnis, 24, 18–33. https://doi.org/10.20885/jsb.vol24.iss1.art2
Maslach, C. (2018). Burnout: a Multidimensional Perspective. In Professional Burnout (pp. 19–32). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315227979-3
Mensah, A. (2021). Job stress and mental well-being among working men and women in europe: The mediating role of social support. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052494
Pasaribu, D., Christina Verawaty, S., Darmayanti, N., Triyani, Y., Heningtyas, O. S., & Astuti, E. B. (2023). Metodologi penelitian akuntansi dan manajemen pendekatan kuantitatif. Media Sains Indonesia.
Pauksztat, B., & Grech, M. R. (2022). Building social support: The impact of workgroup characteristics, the COVID-19 pandemic and informal interactions. Work, 72(4), 1175–1189. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-220020
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & van Rhenen, W. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30(7), 893–917. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.595
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. CV Alfabeta.
Tatan Hidayat, Tri Anten Juwita Larasati, Ulfah Harifatul Hak, Widya Novita Sari, Wishal Azhar Lababan, Yanti Sopiah, Yulianti Permana, & Dewi Kurniasari. (2020). Anaisis Tingkat Kesehatan Keuangan Perusahaan Berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Menteri BUMN No. KEP- 100/MBU/2002 (Studi Kasus pada PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. Periode 2017-2019). Akselerasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Nasional, 2(2), 123–135. https://doi.org/10.54783/jin.v2i2.122
Thankachen, S., Kabir, Z., & Sadath, A. (2025). A cross-sectional analysis of occupational stress and mental health among migrant healthcare workers in Ireland. Journal of Migration and Health, 11, 100325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100325
White, M. P., Elliott, L. R., Gascon, M., Roberts, B., & Fleming, L. E. (2020). Blue space, health and well-being: A narrative overview and synthesis of potential benefits. In Environmental Research (Vol. 191). Academic Press Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110169
Published
2026-06-10
How to Cite
Attiyah, N. F., & Hamid, A. (2026). A Comparative Study of Burnout among Civil Servants and State-Owned Enterprise Employees in the Coastal Regions of North Maluku. Jesya, 9(2), 1378-1389. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v9i2.2819
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Articles
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